题目：

Most of the world’s problems are caused by over-population. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

首先我们一起来看下此题的三种常见的存在逻辑漏洞的写法。

写法一

观点为完全赞同，给出大量人口过多带来的问题，如环境问题等

思考：人口过多带来的问题，仅能证明带来了问题，不能与题目中的most相契合，你如何证明你写出来的问题为世界上的大多数问题，所以从根本上来说，原题其实是个伪命题。

写法二

观点为中立，反驳部分需证明有些问题并不是人口过多导致的。

思考：但是此种写法只能反驳人口过多导致了世界上的所有问题这样的命题，也就是对于词类题目的反驳，而不能反驳人口过多导致了世界上的大多数问题，还是要注意most。

写法三

思考1：致命三连文：如何证明过多人口不是主要原因，又怎么证明铺张浪费是主要原因。同时又怎么证明人口过多和铺张浪费是没有必然联系的，确定完全不存在交集吗?

思考2：同时这题的关键词分别是most of the world’s problems、are caused by和over-population。三者之前通过be caused by构成了因果关系，因是over-population，果是most of the world’s problems。那么如果对这题进行反驳的话，学生的切入点是over-population也就是原因，常识告诉我们一个事情的发生原因有很多个，所以这个切入点的反驳，是不需要的。重点反驳的是人口过多带来的结果，即很多问题。所以即使去反驳也是去反驳并不会带着这样的结果。

思考3：反驳不会带来这样的结果，方法一：回到写法二的问题，很遗憾，无法推翻题目。方法二：从事实出发，证明人口过剩不会带来各种问题，即1. 人口增加，但人类生活质量依旧保持改善的态势2. 出生率下降，且人类已经想办法提高地球的承受能力。

接下来我会剖析词类的题目与此题的关系及差异，欢迎大家一起来讨论。

1. Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?

2. Some think that printed books are not necessary in digital era, because all writing can be stored electronically. Others think printed books will play important role. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

3. Government funding should only provide scholarships for best students. All other funding should come from students fees and private organizations.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

4. Government funding should only be provided for the best students as scholarships. Other funding of universities should come from student fees and private organizations. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

5. Some believe that companies must remove old employees and employ new young employees. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

以上5题是特别常规的词类的题目，如：best/all/only/must等的出现，使得此类题处理起来相当容易，基本采用否定的手法即可。以一题为例，我们可以首先承认increasing the price of petrol is a way，然后再去反驳其中的best;反驳best的手法也有两种，先点明这种方式的弊端，再给出其他更优的方法来反驳这里的best即可。参考下面范文

There is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems, both in cities and on motorways everywhere. Solving these problems is likely to need more than a simple rise in the price of petrol.

While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long. As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads.

But there are various other measures that could be implemented that would have a huge effect on these problems. I think to tackle the problem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use. Persuading manufacturers and travellers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality, especially in cities. However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travellers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.

In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.

学习完上面的词类的题目，接下来我们来感受下，如果将11日的考题改为词类会有什么不一样的地方。

原题：Most of the world’s problems are caused by over-population. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

改后题：All of the world’s problems are caused by over-population. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

解法：由于题目中出现了all world’s problems过于死板,固应当对其进行反驳。即文章结构为：

开头段：背景句+话题引入+观点

正文段1：给出一些人口过多带来的世界问题(让步)

正文段2：给出一些不是由人口过剩导致的问题(反驳)

结尾段：观点+总结

写到这里有些同学应该发现了问题了吧，你是不是也把most的题目答成了all的题目。细节决定成败哦!!!

再来一波逻辑杀，下文是近些年考过的引起广泛争议的雅思题目，同学们可以用来练习，有任何疑问请私信Lee老师，与你单独讨论哦!!!

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